Vitalik Buterin Says Ethereum Has Finally Solved the Blockchain Trilemma

Updated

January 5, 2026

Gambar Vitalik Buterin Says Ethereum Has Finally Solved the Blockchain Trilemma

Jakarta, Pintu News – Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has stated that new technologies in privacy and data management have successfully overcome the scalability problem that has been the main challenge of blockchain.

However, he cautioned that full security implementation of these technologies is still several years away.

Buterin Unveils Roadmap to 2030 to Ensure Full Security

In a post on X on January 3, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin stated that the integration of zero-knowledge virtual machines (ZK-EVM) has significantly changed the capabilities of the Ethereum network.

Now that ZKEVMs are at alpha stage (production-quality performance, remaining work is safety) and PeerDAS is live on mainnet, it's time to talk more about what this combination means for Ethereum.

These are not minor improvements; they are shifting Ethereum into being a…
— vitalik.eth (@VitalikButerin) January 3, 2026

He explained that this major change was driven by combining ZK-EVM with a data distribution method called PeerDAS.

“Buterin asserted, “These are not small improvements; this combination turns Ethereum into a completely new and much more powerful decentralized network.”

According to Buterin, the combination of technologies solves the so-called “Blockchain Trilemma” – the technical difficulty of achieving decentralization, security, and high data capacity simultaneously.

He compared Ethereum’s new architecture to “consensus-enabled BitTorrent”, in contrast to Bitcoin’s model that focuses on decentralization but has limitations in handling data volumes.

Ethereum Can Handle Data Load

With this upgrade, Buterin stated that Ethereum is now capable of handling data loads equivalent to large file sharing networks, while still maintaining the security of a decentralized ledger.

“The trilemma is solved – not just on paper, but with real code running. Half of the solution (data availability sampling) is live on mainnet, and the other half (ZK-EVM) already has production performance – all that’s missing is security,” he explains.

However, the roadmap to full implementation of this vision is still a long way off.

Although the technology has reached production-worthy performance, Buterin admits that there is still a lot of work to be done to ensure its overall safety.

In his timeline, Buterin predicts that the new ZK-EVM will become the main method in block validation between 2027 and 2030. This technology allows for faster and cheaper verification of transactions without having to reveal the raw data behind the transaction.

Buterin reveals there will be an increase in gas limits

Meanwhile, Ethereum will implement the upgrade gradually. This year, Buterin projects that there will be an increase in the gas limit. This will be made possible by the development of a new protocol that separates the role of thetransaction proposer from theblock builder, as well as expanding the working capacity of each block.

In the long term, Buterin also proposes a “distributed block building” system, where no single party constructs the entire contents of a block of transactions alone.

He explained that distributing this authority can reduce the risk of centralized censorship and ensure transactions are processed more evenly across different regions.

Buterin wrote, “The ideal long-term goal is a future where a full block is never composed entirely in one place. This may not be necessary in the near future, but I think it’s important that we at least have the ability to go in that direction.”

This new technical direction comes amid increasing competition from faster and lower-cost blockchains, which is forcing Ethereum developers to accelerate the rollout of next-generation scaling solutions.

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